Past Year Question Essay

PART APublic Aw beness is the Key to Fight Pollution Pollution in the most basic form littering of nonsense or clogged drains to that of higher level such as dumping of hazardous waste and illegal logging, is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness, so contends take care of Natural Resources and Environment. As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialized nations, pollution is extravagant becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. No amount of law can provide in deterring people from polluting the environment so long as they are unaware about the adverse consequences of their action, he said. Although we fill come down securely on the culprits, we can never be satisfied as we keep on raising the bar by benchmarking against developed nations in the likes of Japan, Sweden and New Zealand where every citizen is fully aware of their role in environmental preservation, he adds. As for water pollution, once a source of drinking water, many rivers in Malaysia have bec ome dumping grounds for various types of hazardous wastes. Of all natural resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution in this country. In 2006, gypsum, oil and hydrocarbon, dross, heavy metal sludge, mineral sludge and e-waste were the main categories of waste produced in the country. Of the total wastes produced, 110,814 metric tonnes were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd, 9,360 metric tonnes (0.8%) at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and 11,364 metric tonnes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities. Source Malaysian Business 16/9/2007QUESTION 1a)As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialised nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. Based on your knowledge on the Materials Balance Model, let off this statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA undergroundCONFIDENTIAL3BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646b)Water pollution in Malaysia is caused by point and non-point sources. What is the contravention between the two? Which classification does the group of water pollution sources mentioned in the cultivation paragraph of the article belong to? (5 marks) What type of pollution control rule can be implied from paragraphs 2 and 3 in the article? Describe the method and give an example. (5 marks) Pollution is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness. Assuming you are an environmental economist, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Elaborate. (5 marks)c)d)e)What is the difference between positive and normative economics? Suggest one sentence in the article that reflects a positive statement. (5 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PARTB4BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646QUESTION 1a)What is sustainable development? particularise and illustrate with an example. (5 marks)b)How is green gross domestic product (GDP) different from the traditional GDP? What are the arguments for the use of green GDP as growth indicator? (10 marks) With the help of relevant diagram, ex plain social welfare in the form of consumer surplus. (10 marks)c)QUESTION 2a)What is meant by allocative efficiency? explain. (5 marks)b)How does a deposit-refund system work in controlling domestic solid waste disposal? Explain with the assistance of a diagram. (10 marks) Define deforestation and its causes. Why is accelerated deforestation a concern in many countries? (10 marks)c)QUESTION 3a)Describe the occurrence of global warming. (5 marks)b)What are the challenges set about by countries in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in their countries? Explain. (10 marks) Explain the efforts done at international level to reduce ozone depletion problem. (10 marks)c) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 45BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646a)Market failure can be associated with externalities. Define market failure and externalities. (5 marks) Explain how free-ridership leads to market failure of a public good such as clean air. (10 marks)b)c)Palm oil refineri es generate social cost to society in the form of smoke and particles. Explain and model in a diagram the efficient equilibrium for palmoil in the presence of these atmospheric emissions. (10 marks)QUESTION 5Briefly explain the followinga) b) c) d) e)Explicit and implicit environmental costs (5 marks) Coase theorem (5 marks) Environmental Kuznets curve (5 marks) Polluter-Pay-Principle (5 marks) Acid deposition (5 marks)END OF QUESTION PAPER Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL