Counseling Skills Used With Adults With Counseling With...

Counselors are challenged with trying to apply basic counseling skills used with adults to counseling with children. Counselors can adapt their counseling mircoskills for work with children. Children have a different cognitive, emotional, and psychological uniqueness from adults. Counselors can include reflecting client content and feeling as well as meaning, interpreting and making use of metaphors while counseling children. Being able to discovery ways to encourage verbal communication of children is the key to incorporating these skills. Meeting children where they are at is important in using counseling microskills. Reflecting content and feeling with children in counseling looks different because counselors add behavioral tracking, which is reflecting what the child is doing at any moment when they are engaged in play or activities rather than conversation. Some children, especially those who do not feel safe around adults, may find the tracking threatening. Children and adults both avoid verbal expression of feelings. Children do because feelings are difficult and they lack feeling vocabulary. Children lack self-awareness or language to answer others when they are asked how they are feeling. Counselors can use appropriately timed reflection of feeling when working with children. Counselors need to be aware of culture, gender, and family factors that may cause children to hide feelings. Counselors can effectively extract and impart meaning in a child’sShow MoreRelatedThe Integrative Intervention Model Of Child Based Play928 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily therapists often exclude small children from the therapeutic process† (Wehrman Field, 2013). Although therapists may feel as though conducting a session with children present can be challenging, it is strongly encouraged to do so. The integrative intervention model of child-based play is an effective method in which therapists should use when treating families. Recent research conc ludes that the â€Å"integration of children and families involved in counseling will benefit the family when all familyRead MorePersonal Statement On Bad Behavior1677 Words   |  7 Pagescheck ups even without any sign of a health issue. For counseling on the other hand, it is seen as a support system for people who are having â€Å"unhealthy† mental issues. Since a doctor is seen just to be sure that your body is working well, shouldn’t it be the same for your brain too? In many cases, bad behavior in children and adults has to do with how your life is affecting your emotions. Although it may seem like you should only consider counseling when you feel like you need emotional support, sometimesRead MoreMy Experience At Tuskegee University1658 Words   |  7 PagesMy experience began as early as college, when I used to volunteer with school going children in orphanages, and would advise them on the social problems they faced in school. That is when I decided that b eing a school counselor was the â€Å"perfect† job for me. Having started at an early age, I find that my expertise does in fact lie in helping students deal with social pressure, and helping them cope with the stress and frustration it brings. I have also been successfully able to help students improveRead MoreGroup Counseling For Children And Adolescents1630 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Group Counseling Individuals with learning disabilities have a particularly high incidence of mental health problems and are often assigned what is known as dual diagnosis. The lack of research in counseling this client group and the need for counselors to show that they are not discriminatory in their practices and are compliant with anti-discriminatory legislation adds to the case for placing inclusion/exclusion in counseling in the public arena (Pattison, 2006, p. 547). Introduction AreRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System778 Words   |  4 PagesThis article discussed diversion programs that are used to help adolescents who have been arrested for first-time misdemeanors. These diversion programs use group counseling as a mandatory component of sentencing demonstrate initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national outcome studies. The goal of these diversion programs are to keep adolescents out of the juvenile justice system whenever possible (Lipsey, Howell, Kelly, Chapman, Carver, 2010). These diversion programs divert adolescentsRead MorePersonal Statement : Becoming A Counselor834 Words   |  4 Pages My name is Andrea Ramos and my future career is being a counselor . In order to achieve my goals , I need to meet educational , requirements , have a specific skills and be passionate about my working/job. In order to be successful I need to be able to communicate with people more , and try to understand what a counselor s life would be all about , I will need excel at talking , and succeed in high school than college and my vocabulary and try to understand what people go through , this isRead MoreThe Importance Of An Alliance With Children1298 Words   |  6 Pageswith children, there is a lack research to define and guide the practice of developing an alliance with children. The researchers stated the therapeutic relationship between the child and therapist is as critical to constructive outcomes as it is with adults. However, inaugurating an alliance with children is often challenging due high number of involuntary clients brought to therapy by adults whom they are reliant on. Children are expected to trust another adult; they are told this adult is aRead MoreOn Site Visit to Human Services1110 Words   |  5 PagesCenters of Marion County Mental Health, which is a facility that treats mental health patients as well as patients that need detoxification services. The facility has both in-patient and out-patient programs that counsel and treat both adults and children that deal with mental health diagnosis such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, and much more. The mission of the centers is to â€Å"offer a wide variety of behavioral health care services designed to help peopleRead MoreEvaluation Of The Counselor And Child ( Ren )1594 Words   |  7 Pagesmanifestation of the client† (Glassing, 2013, p.12). Also, during this process, parents are encourage to participate with their child(ren), to form a bond. However, this idea often fails, in refereeing the parent(s)/guardian(s), to enter within the counseling process with the child(ren). â€Å"Why† is the question that many parent(s)/guardian(s) ask counselors in regards to entering the therapeutic relationship? In most cases, parents feel inferior or that the counselor will only belittle him/her, and consideredRead MoreFamily Systems Therapy925 Words   |  4 Pagesis that both parents and children often make habits in being repetitive, and having negative interactions based on goals that are unclear (Dreikurs, 1974). These negative interactions and patterns are a reflection of the way our society has changed in their family systems. In most cases the problems of any one family are common to all others in their social and ethnic community. Although much of Adlerian family therapy is conducted in private sessions, it has also been used in different group settings

Organizational Culture, Structure Design - 2121 Words

Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, STRUCTURE DESIGN 1 Organizational Culture, Structure Design Satish kumar Gummalla University Canada West Instructor: Liz Wiebe Business Fundamentals MBA 549, Section B March 17, 2011 Satish Kumar Gummalla (1010863) Page 1 of 9 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, STRUCTURE DESIGN Abstract Organizational structure defines the attitude, values and core competencies of an organization. The structure in a way forms the culture for that organization which invisibly exists. The culture plays an important role for the healthy functioning of an organization since the employees correlate themselves based on the values and beliefs of that organization. The operation functions such as finance, human†¦show more content†¦(Gilsdorf, J, W, (n.d.) Anonymous.a (n.d)) The culture of an organization is a myth which prevails and is told about. The culture makes the employees tell stories about the organization to new members who join them at the work place. The 4 beliefs of the organization are conveyed positively only when they comply with the employees beliefs and values. ‘HISTORY’ it is called so for an organization, there are many factors that can be underlined by far to tell about the past of the organization. These stories speak about the heroes, mavericks and villain of the organizations. (Gilsdorf, J, W, (n.d.) Anonymous.a (n.d)) Sears Canada Inc. has a diverse culture which is clearly stated in its mission and vision statements. The core values are integrity, teamwork, getting in positive energy, training and most importantly recognition for performance. The employees at Sears Canada Inc. are committed to earn the trust of the customers and build a healthy customer relationship providing better services on a day to day basis. However, Sears Canada Inc. behaves as a traditional organization where the directive lines are determined by the CEO. (Sears Canada, 2011 Thomson, G, S, 2007) To explain it in a better fashion let us examine the tendencies of the company. They are as follows: 1. Intraverted (I): It is more oriented on traditions and not on competition. 2. Sensing (S): Accumulating data focussing on the present and not the future. SatishShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Striking A Balance Between Organizational Structure, Design, Culture, And Strategy1070 Words   |  5 Pagesand efficient. Prosperous companies continually transform and grow to meet the needs of their environment (Jones, 2013). This paper examines the importance of striking a balance between organizational structure, design, culture, and strategy in order to achieve stability in a continually shifting organizational environment. Introduction The brevity of technological changes in communications and product development have produced rapidly changing, turbulent, global markets. Turbulent global marketsRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization Function1188 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Culture The organizational culture is essentially the personality of the company. Each workplace has a unique atmosphere because of the different types of people that work there. These people bring their experiences into the office and through interaction, create a culture within the company. It is important to recognize the organizational culture just like it is important to recognize a country’s culture; it makes business interactions go smoother when you are informed about theRead MoreCulture, Power Politics1527 Words   |  7 PagesCulture, Power Politics As far back as history can be told mankind has struggled between balancing culture, power and politics. Many wars have been fought and many people have placed their lives on the line in order to stand up for what they believe in. The combinations of culture, power and politics have spilled over into the workplace. In today’s business environment individuals have much more to worry about than just completing their assigned tasks. Organizational culture, power and officeRead MoreCulture and Structure1270 Words   |  6 PagesSome form of organizational culture and structure exist in every organization. Successful organizations are often credited with having an appropriate organizational culture and/or structure in place that allows them to reach success. Many companies can believe that they have the needed structure in place to assure success; yet they fail where others succeed. Some work very well, and some just do not work at all. For any organizational culture and structure to function properly, it seems as thoughRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture661 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Structure and Culture Introduction In this week’s assignment we will be looking at organizational structure and organizational culture. We will first look at how organizational culture impacts organizational structure and vice versa. Then look at how organizational structure interacts and impacts the organization’s decision process. Organizational Cultures Impact on Organizational Structure The first part of this week’s assignment was to look at how organizational structure impactsRead MoreHow Can Cnn Implement Their Strategies in a Fast Changing Environment?961 Words   |  4 Pagesmission * Design of organizational architecture that allows for empowerment and communication * Creation of tactics and short-term goals at the local level * Effective Action in a context of accountability (Gurowitz) (G. R. Jones; C.W.L. hill , 2010) 2. What is organizational design (culture, structure and control) and apply on CNN. What is the role of organizational design in strategic implementation? Strategy implementation involves the use of organizational design, the processRead MoreLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization design and leadershipRead MoreThe Concept Of Organizational Structure1428 Words   |  6 Pagesclass we went over the concept of organizational structure, which to my understanding is the level of hierarchies, the division of departments and the communication across these hierarchies and departments within organizations. In terms of ensuring communication the structure includes a control system to ensure information flows through vertical and horizontal information linkages. The idea of information and control systems are components of organization design. This new learned knowledge helpsRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pageswith the basics of understanding the very design, structure, and culture that are appropriate in fulfilling the goals of that organization. Experts say that organizational structure and culture should work in tandem - as a team within the organization. It is important for organizations to â€Å"understand the difference between the two aspects because they can have a major influence on the firm’s success or failure.† John (2013). Organizational culture comes from the founders of the organizationRead MoreCase Analysis1187 Words   |  5 PagesChris Peterson at DSS Consulting Joletta Martin July 18, 2013 This case discussed the events that occurred during a change in DSS Consulting’s organizational structure. Three retired school district administrators established DSS Consulting during the late 1990’s. The company offered administrative support to small school districts located within the mid-west and mountain west region. They specialized in handling the negotiating of labor agreements as well as implementation of permanent

Positioning And Detailed Marketing Plan On Syscom Tech Ltd

Question: Describe about the Positioning and Detailed Marketing plan on Syscom Tech Ltd? Answer: Executive Summary Syscom Tech Pvt Ltd is a technology consulting firm that aims to deliver various networking solutions like network security, troubleshooting, planning, maintenance etc, also software developments, web developments to SMEs. It is based in London, UK. Syscom mainly targets the UK, US and the Asian markets specially the SMEs. The target customer is mainly the technological head person like the VP IT, Director IT, CTO who are the key persons for making technological decisions for the organization using differentiated targeting strategy. It mainly follows the Global marketing Segmentation process using the geographical segmentation. Syscom uses the competitor based positioning strategy to enter the market. The financial objectives of the organization is to gain sales revenue of $ 600,000 in 2015 and $1.8 million by 2018, and the gross profit margin will be 55% and also net income will be 35% of sales. Further, the marketing objectives are to establish as experts, make reference clients and at least create one client from three different regions. Since the technology industry is very competitive, to survive in this competitive environment Syscom uses the focused differentiation strategy that would help to focus their endeavours on a specific sales channel. Further omnichannel strategy also helps the organization to meet its sales revenue objectives. This report finally discusses the plan by explaining the marketing mix and discussing the Syscom servicescapes, co-creation activities and also S-D login aligned with the objectives of the organization. Given Gantt chart describes the milestones of the organization. Before concluding the plan a control and contingencies planning is done to deal with bizarre events. Introduction This report outlines a marketing plan along with the financial implications for Syscom tech Ltd which is an independent technological business located in London UK. This report clearly sets out the plan by incorporating the objectives and aligning the objectives with the PESTLE factors that have an external impact on the business. Further to determine the impact of current competitive position in the business the report would highlight the five forces of Porters. Then, the SWOT analysis will be determined to have clear picture on the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the organization and how to improve on those factors. To develop an efficient marketing plan, the report would find out the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies and would justify the criteria. Finally the overall plan will be implemented using the 4Ps of marketing and how the objectives will be achieved will be demonstrated using the Gantt Chart and financial plan. Situation Analysis To analyze the present situation of Syscom, it is very much important to understand the external and internal forces that are driving the objectives of the organization. Therefore, to understand the macro and micro environment of the organization, PESTLE Analysis, Porters Five forces and SWOT analysis would be effective tools. PESTLE analysis is helpful for associations for breaking down and understanding the ground substances of nature they need to work in. Porters five forces is valuable, on the grounds that it helps to comprehend both the quality of Syscoms current focused position, and the quality of a position Syscom is considering moving into. Additionally conducting the SWOT analysis helps to deter the threats, address the weaknesses and capitalize the opportunities through taking advantages of the organizations strengths. Pestle Political: Political and legal factors have big influence on the business of Syscom. The business can either bring about the production of a favourable business environment or it could endanger all business activities. Government regulations on issues, for example, tax have incredible effect on business operations. As of late, the UK government forced a 20% raise of VAT. This fundamentally came about to a taxation burden on the UK people (BBC News Business, 2011). An addition on VAT diminishes the purchasing power and therefore debilitates them from spending. Economical: Issues in the worldwide monetary frameworks as an after-effect of frequencies, for example, the European credit crunch and the current financial meltdown have had unfriendly consequences for Syscom inside and out of UK. However, since, Syscom mainly offers its services at the best affordable price with best quality, there are chance that consumers can purchase the service, as due to such economic factors, they would look for low price offers. Social: Social factors impact on business incorporates parts of, religious perceptions, social practices, individuals' disposition and preferences amongst numerous different measurements. The UK purchasers are known to purchase taking into account own choices with no outside pressure (Bergloff, 2011). This implies that there is incredible requirement for Syscom to customize its services in the UK. Technological: Presently, there exists high demand for technology in UK market. Thus availing to e-strategic activities can help Syscom to take various aspects of B2B business activities online. Through internet can seek feedback from their customers and also identify and understand their issues. Legal: The legal measures also have a strong influence on the activities of Syscom. The most basic issues are issuance of certification for business. Since the organization is still active in its status, there will be not be any issue, however, the UK government as of late wiped out legislative barriers that thwarted organizations from forming mergers between themselves. This has a strong effect on Syscom. Since it is new entity, merger could have helped to increase its growth, but this barrier has restricted the organization to make any such deal. Environmental: Business and people are gradually becoming very sensitive towards the environmental conservation. Thus, Syscom need to practice of Green IT that means practicing environment sustainable computing by guarantee that the utilization of vitality is carried out effectively, to advance the thought of reusing of waste items. Porters Five Forces Figure: Porters 5 Forces Source: Made by Author Competitive Rivalry: Syscom would face stiff competition from the gigantic players in the technology consulting firm industry like IBM, HP and many other business organizations emerging in this industry. Buyers bargaining Power: The presence of high quality and affordable price gives the buyers less power to bargain from Syscom over other players in the market. There is a chance that the consumers might switch over to Syscom as a substitute. Suppliers Bargaining Power: The stiff competition in the technology field is surrounded with various new entrants of suppliers in the market. Since Syscom need to rely on the suppliers for raw materials and the suppliers have the opportunity to say aloud the business. Thus, there bargaining power is high. Threat of Substitutes: The presences of better quality services and long term relations with the already prominent players in the market have big threat on Syscom services. If the business finds that some factors or level of delivery is less they might switch to other players in the market even though the price level is lower compared to them. Threat of New Entrants: Being in a technology field, Syscom is faced with high threat of new entrants in the market. Since this industry is less in bureaucratic and restrictive entry measures, gaining entry in the market is not an issue. The only issue is setting up a market share. Swot Analysis Strengths: Delivering the Quality: The key strength is that the business mainly focuses on delivering the quality at the most affordable cost which automatically helps them to value money. Through their real expertise they deliver the best in software designing, network designing and implementation and network security VPN solution. Supremacy of best technologies: Syscom have the excellent website with secure FTP (File transfer protocol) amenities and password protection that helps them to transfer the documents and receive the same from their clients. Further, they have automatic link which saves the time of the customers and help them come up to the speed with the facilities they offer. They also hold internet meeting to listen to the clients or the customers about their problems and then provide them with the right solution and also take the opinion of the customer about the solutions. They conduct these meetings with shared visuals and interface. Weakness: Brand: Most of the clients would like to take the services from the big giants like Deloitte, Hewlett-Packard, IBM etc as they are well established. Since, Syscom is a new entity in the market place, people are not much aware of the kind of services they provide and is perceived to be innovative and thus becomes a risky choice. Marketing: Syscom is good at direct sales connecting in closing the sales and generating leads. However, lacks in general marketing like promotion, pricing, branding etc. Thus, mostly dependent on only Word of Mouth for attracting customers. Opportunities: Growth of Internet: Organizations are being pulled into the global marketing system. According to the recent statistics, around 40% of the overall population of world are connected with internet. There is phenomenal rise in the usage of Internet in UK. It is found that UK will increase the internet growth by 300 times within 2018 (International Business Times UK, 2013). In United States the 7% growth in the internet user compared to previous year (Internetlivestats.com, 2015), in India it is 14% (Internetlivestats.com, 2015) and in china the internet is penetrating with 4% rise (Internetlivestats.com, 2015). As of July 2013, the internet users by region is as shown below (Internetlivestats.com, 2015): Growth of International Market The United States is booming. Though the region had experienced a slight deceleration in real GDP growth recording only 2.2%, however the expenditure for personal consumption had increased by 4.2% by the 4th quarter of 2014, private business had increased their inventories by $88.4billion (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015). This has a good influence on Syscom. Further, the current-account deficit had risen to $113.5 billion. This helps Syscom to gain profit from this market (Bea.gov, 2015). However, the Asian market (India and China) has not shown much good signs due to decline in inflation. The GDP growth rate is expected to be average 5.65 (The Times of India, 2015). Demand for Job: Digital is the heart of UK. Thus with the development and growth of latest technologies, there has been huge demand for the highly skilled professionals in the technology sector. Thus establishing remote working centres can help Syscom to ensure that they do not miss their hunt for technology knowledge and skills (Terrelonge, 2015). Threats: Competitors: Various competitors are rising in the market with similar services. There are already the big giants like Hewlett-Packard, IBM who focuses on software designing and integration network systems. Aims and Objectives The value proposition of Syscom Tech Ltd is to help real class business access to new marketers crosswise over worldwide borders, at an affordable price equivalent with the high esteem. The primary point is not going to contend on cost, rather to contend on quality that makes the cost more worth, despite all the trouble. Syscom Tech Ltd aims at different option with high quality for in-house assets for business improvement, market advancement and channel improvement on a global scale. A genuine distinct option for in-house assets offers a very high level of realistic experience, knowledge, confidentiality and contracts. Customers must realize that working with Syscom is a more expert, less dangerous approach to grow new regions even than working totally in-house with their own kin. Syscom should likewise have the capacity to keep up equalization charging a high esteem for its services and conveying a significantly higher worth to its customers. Preliminary focus will be expansion in the United Kingdom market then in next three years expand in United States and Asian market like China and India. The key to success factors are: Fabulousness in satisfying the promise -totally confidential, dependable, reliable information and skills. Creating visibility to produce new leads for business. Utilizing from a solitary pool of skill into different revenue generation opportunities: through network security VPN solution, Software Development and Design and Network Design and implementation. Marketing Objectives: Establish as experts: This implies being cited in significant trade press, talking at industry occasions, and gaining brand recognition. The measurable and particular target is to be presented in three noteworthy occasions as settled specialists in the field of global business sector section. Reference Clients: Before the current years over, the organization requires three noteworthy brand names so that they can refer to as customers. It has to have the capacity to reference by name and contact telephone number One client from three different regions: The organization minimum one customer in each of three fundamental districts. United Kingdom and United States without a doubt, furthermore in Asia. Financial Objectives: Sales revenue of $ 600,000 in 2015 and $1.8 million by 2018. By 2018 gross margin will be 55%. By 2018 net profit margin will be 35%. Stp, Growth and Generic Strategies Target Market As indicated in the previous discussion above the target market chosen for Syscom is United Kingdom initially and then expanding to United States and Asia. The key customers of Syscom would be preliminary few SMEs companies as they are the booming industry with the need of technological support. Taking Syscom services would help the manufacturing companies to control and reduce the operating cost, particularly in practicing the demand-based funsctions in which the vendors mostly rely on just-in-time methodologies. Further the Syscom services would also help the companies to improve their real-time process and performance quality (Rana, 2013). The target customer is mainly the technological head person like the VP IT, Director IT, CTO who are the key persons for making technological decisions for the organization. Here Syscom will be using the differentiated targeting strategy. It is a type of targeting strategy where an association target various business bits with offers remarkably planned for each area. Thus Syscom may have a higher sales and subsequently stronger position inside every business area segment. In any case, differentiated targeting strategy on similarly means increment in revenue because of the different marketing plans for every segment. Henceforth Syscom must consider increment in sales against increase in revenue when using differentiated targeting strategy (West, Ford and Ibrahim, 2006). Segmentation Strategy As indicated by the needs of the clients, the Syscom attempt to segment markets into sensible parts of the purchaser group and regard them according to the necessary attributes; this is called as segmentation of market. Segmentation has two procedures depending upon who the clients are: segmenting business of shopper and segmenting business sector of association. As the present report would concentrate on the purchaser item, consequently this report would be talking about just the division of customer business (Hassan and Craft, 2012). Segmentation of business sector is essential for each business as clients have differing preferences and qualities and these preferences are portrayed as variables that must be considered by Syscom. Consequently, segmentation is a stage when Syscom perceives all groups of possible buyers by social affair those customers in light of same needs, demands, necessities and other different qualities. That in this manner will transform into the pool of decisi ons to be focused on agreeing drawing in business sector engaging quality (Dibb and Simkin, 2013). Since segmentation does not mean only segmenting a particular region or one country, Syscom will be using the global market segmentation strategy. In business markets, it is not strange to discover the commonalities among the clients all through the world. Syscom can thus segment its customers based on their purchasing patterns like Global customers who are truly eager to buy the items outside their domestic markets and have a tendency to have worldwide control of buying from headquarters. National global customers utilizes suppliers from around the globe however utilize the items in one nation. Multinational global customers purchase from suppliers in numerous nations yet they utilize the items as a part of numerous nations also. Thus looking at the commonalities among different customers, there is a huge benefit in utilising the multinational customer segments. This would help Syscom to not only have the economies of scale but also dynamic movements to world class service offerings making its expansion easier in the coming future (Zimmerman and Blythe, 2013). As discussed above United states and UK are booming where as Asian countries like China and India are growing but at a slow pace. This growth potential segmentation of GMS helps Syscom to gain high returns on the investment and makes it easier for the company to face the trade-offs (oregonstate.edu, n.d.). While traditionally, Syscom mainly emphasizes on using the geographical segmentation strategy based on country, as this segmentation strategy joins demographic data with geo group information to make particular profiles around a gives put and what would possibly be engaging clients here (Kotler and Keller, 2012). Positioning Strategy Positioning is the stage at which Syscom need to create own brand image. Since it is a new entity in the competitive market, it is very important for the Syscom to differentiate its services from other. Presently, Syscoms key strategy is competitor based positioning. Observing the market it is found that there are similar organization which are providing similar products and services to different countries of the world. But most of them are following the pricing-quality positioning strategy. They are offering high quality services at high premium prices. Thus, following the same strategy would not help Syscom to sustain in the competitive market, instead it emphasizing on the competitor positioning strategy would help to offer similar services, deliberately with more in term of performance, features and services with low price compared to the competitors. This competitor positioning strategy can be accomplished through advertisement. Advertising through newspapers and technology magazines would help to create the image in the mind of the customers. Especially comparing the products one or more product characteristics with the competitors (without the naming) would help to communicate the value-added services. The advertising communication taglines can be different for different market. For instance: Target Market Tag Line UK Does you technology complement your growth? United States Investment for coming future Asia Mistakes cost must higher than investment Growth and Generic Strategy Since the organization is its introduction stage, it is very important to be different from the competitors from beginning itself to sustain in this competitive world and grow effectively. Though, Syscom is following the right strategy of being competitive using quality, however it is still suggested to follow the focused differentiation strategy. Since Syscom main emphasizes on the market that is in need of software and networking services, focused differentiation would help Syscom to focus their endeavours on a definite sales channel, for example, offering over the Internet only. Syscom then can promptly go along higher supplier expenses to its clients due to the absence of substitute or option items available. Having a steadfast client taking after aides settle the organization's income and diminishes the effect of business downturns in light of client. Offering exceptional features that engage a mixture of clients, the need to fulfil the wishes of a niche market implies that the quest for uniqueness is frequently taken to the notorious "next level" by Syscom utilizing a focused differentiation strategy. Subsequently the extraordinary features given by Syscom taking after focused differentiation strategy is frequently specific. Additionally, an omnichannel strategy is also needed to survive. OmniChannel retailing is also termed cross channel or multi channel strategy. This strategy mostly concentrates on consistent way to the shopper encounter through all accessible shopping channels, i.e. versatile web gadgets, PCs, TV, list et cetera. Retailers are meeting the new client craves by sending concentrated inventory network technique programming (Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson, 2014). Since Digital advertising went into the business sector new eras are utilizing online all the time. Brands that don't give that sort of experience are liable to lose clients, particularly as the computerized era increases much all the more purchasing power. Thus, enhancing the satisfaction level and loyalty of the customers. This strategy would also help Syscom to improve increase its sales revenue (Kriechbaumer and Christodoulidou, 2014). Consumers would search for the reviews; information related to product and also pricing informa tion through internet and will purchase the services through online services. Therefore, improving the sales revenue through the evidence of this tenant. Knowing that the customers are the important tenant to the business services, this channel strategy helps in gathering more information about the needs of the customers. Therefore, increasing the possibility of gathering more information and using it effectively. This channel would also reduce the stress of the employees. This is great turning point to transform the customer data into loyalty building business service (Hand and Insights, Bob Parker Of Idc Retail, 2009). Implementation Before implementing the marketing plan it is very much important to build up an effective marketing strategy which generally starts with the 7Ps of service marketing. However, the inference of this mix is somewhat dissimilar for the services. Figure: 7Ps of Service marketing Source: Made By Author Product: Syscom provides services like Network Maintenance, Network Solution, Website Development and Office IT support. In this case, the products are the service. Thus, it is perishable, heterogeneous and intangible. Hence, Syscom need to customize its offerings according to the needs of its customers (Gupta, 2006). However, too customization can hamper the quality of services, so it must be handled with care. Syscom have to satisfy the guarantee what they make: they need to take their products crosswise over national limits into new markets, investigate channels, control our customer through the labyrinth, and build the relationships by meeting the customer needs (Lovelock, 2008). This is an extremely centered deliverable. Syscom is getting its products (services) into channels. The service itself is a key to Syscoms business sectors. Price: Price is the worth that is put to an item or benefit and is the after effect of a complex arrangement of computations, research and comprehension and danger taking capacity. A pricing method considers portions, capacity to pay, economic situations, contender activities, exchange edges and input costs, among others. It is focused at the characterized clients and against contenders. Presently Syscom needs to focus on the penetration pricing strategy to entre in the competitive market and make its image. Then later on the prices can be raised based on the response of the customers, with extra services (Keillor, 2007). Place: Since service conveyance is simultaneous with its creation and can't be put away or transported, the areas of the service product expect significance. Syscom need to give exceptional thought to where the services would be given. Considering the location, Syscom is focusing on onshore and offshore services. Onshore is providing its services within the domestic market which would help to gain value advantages like it helps to reduce the overheads. Onshore outsourcing brings lower expenses regarding the matter of compensation as staff are regularly searching for information over colossal wages and are prone to work in less. Later in the next three years it can focus on offshoring its services (Friedland, 2007). Promotion: The advertising and public relations would make the customers aware of the services. Initially the starting off with the advertising in local newspapers by comparing the products would make the customers understand the services and also the differences of the competitors in the market. Then slowly after 6 months Syscom can start with public relations through social media sites especially Linked In, Facebook and Twitter. This would help the organization to build retainer relationship. The objective of PR is to set up the expertise in Media and on web so that the potential customers can reach Syscom easily (Zhang and Wedel, 2009). People: This is the characterizing figure a service conveyance process, since Syscom service is conjoined from the individual giving it. Hiring experienced professionals and providing strategic IT effectiveness experts would provide the customers a proper support from Syscom. Thus, creating discussion forums, customer advocate program and company blogs would provide a support. Process: The methodology of delivery of service is pivotal since it guarantees that the similar paradigm of service is frequently conveyed to the clients. Subsequently, Syscom have a service blue print which gives the points of interest of the service conveyance process, frequently set down to actually characterizing the service script and the welcome expressions to be utilized by the staff of Syscom (Strouse, 2004). Physical Evidence: Syscom services are impalpable in nature most services suppliers endeavour to fuse certain unmistakable components into their offering to upgrade client experience. Syscom should helps in satisfying the need of the specialized building design for the framework system of services. With a product advancement authority exhortation can be genuine profit for the exercises of Syscom and a plan of action that can help in enhancing the framework. Syscom ought to prepare them to give astounding services to diverse customers settled everywhere throughout the world (Strouse, 2004). This can be created by conducting meeting with the clients through Skype to, give presentation about the services and make them feel the physical evidence of the services. This is nothing but servicescape of Syscom. Conducting meeting, giving presentation, offering discounts to the loyal customers, giving trial period for a month to check the services would help Syscom to engineer the experience of the customers and shape behaviour of purchaser; they pass on the brand image and support its positioning and differentiation strategies; they are an element of the value proposition; and they encourage the service experience and improve both productivity and quality of Syscom services (Harris and Goode, 2010). Further, Syscom need to think of making co-creation. Co-Creation offers potential clients of Syscom free rein to work with organization gave assets in the generation they could call their own quality offerings (Gronroos, 2011; Fisk, Bennett and Harris, 2013). The progressing investment of dynamic shoppers in the creation they could call their own utilization and trade quality upsets the long-standing advertising universality of the organization as the judge of worth (Smedlund, 2012). Instead of resisting this principal move in the locus of value creation, Syscom should decidedly grasp the change and try to oversee buyer flexibilities keeping in mind the end goal to saddle the beneficial capacities of potential clients of Syscom (Zhang and He, 2014; Jaakkola and Hakanen, 2013)'. Syscom can develop co-creation with its customers by following ways (pwc.com, 2013): Figure: Co-Creation Activities Source: Made By Author Empowering its customers through web-based technologies: Web-based technology enables buyers to create a decently educated viewpoint on an organization's putting forth, by giving them better access to data. The same innovation additionally permits clients to make a community without being together physically. The guideline that groups can be structured out of imparted interest and enthusiasm for a certain subject is another improvement that drives co-creation outline. For instance (ec.europa.eu, 2014): Websites of customers make it simple to think about the offering of different organizations and read about the sentiments of consumers or the testimonials that already bought the services of Syscom. Technology is for instance likewise used to manufacture aggregate utilization groups (e.g. aggregate utility Syscom can hope for aggregate obtainment contracts with ordinary vitality suppliers). In today's consumer-driven marketplace, giving opportunities to the general population to impart their thoughts, eagerness, and protestations is the way to building solid relationship (Saarijrvi, Kannan and Kuusela, 2013). That may mean utilizing existing social networking systems like You Tube, Facebook and Twitter, taking an interest in new groups set up by energetic fans, or connecting on cross-industry social sites (Desai, 2009). This is a way Syscom can go about as companions in these new groups, offering thoughts or simply listening to what clients are saying in regards to their vehicles. Engagement stages like these are presently forming view of technology consulting services, so Syscom need to take themseriously (Domegan et al., 2013). Working with stakeholders: Making the right interactive engagement stages to contact stakeholders can be particularly effective as a feature of inside change programs, or as an approach to cultivate a development culture all through the association. Inviting the stakeholders to take part in any necessary decisions of the organization would give a strong support to proof. Conducting meeting through video conferences or face-face after every 6 months would help Syscom to develop faster (Nudurupati et al., 2015; J. Gouillart, 2014). Involve in Corporate Social Responsibility: The proceeded with development of Corporate Social Responsibility programs (CSR) crosswise over numerous businesses has demonstrated how firm gainfulness enhances with the "greening" of a company's business (Biggemann, Williams and Kro, 2014). Creating CSR projects is a developing feeling of smugness in imparting them and their impacts. Social media can be an exceptionally successful stage for moving past the regularly long and dull yearly CSR reports to more dynamic, straightforward and focused on reporting. Syscom ought to be utilizing online networking sites, for example, facebook and twitter to report their CSR execution with an objective to draw in effectively with consumers who become a taking after to a company's CSR execution (Bhattacharya, Hildebrand and Sen, 2011). This not just helps fabricate trust with consumers and stakeholders additionally permits to better gage the sentiments of the consumers from starting itself (Ahen and Z ettinig, 2015). Collaborating with Employees: At the point when organizations truly connect with their workers and request their thoughts, as well as additionally actualize them, employee fulfilment and assurance goes far up. Furthermore, since satisfied employees are more profitable and less inclined to leave the organization, there's a direct effect on what really matters (Lee, Olson and Trimi, 2012). Syscom need to listen to the voices of employees who will really utilize these devices as a part of their normal associations. Executing new HR frameworks to streamline time reports, for instance, can conceivably spare organizations a ton of authoritative time. With Syscom now working with a small team, looking to each employee as a conceivable wellspring of new thoughts and data can have the effect in the middle of surviving and flourishing (Pinho et al., 2014). To implement this marketing plan it is important to reduce the barrier of entering the market that is competition. This barrier can be reduced by outlining the marketing exertion around a deliberately organized service-dominant logic (S-D logic) which addresses every hindrance. The premises of S-D logic for Syscom are (Merz, He and Vargo, 2009; Lusch, Vargo and OBrien, 2007): Competitive advantage is a capacity of how Syscom applies its operant assets to address the issues of the clients Collaborative skill is an essential determinant of Syscom's securing learning for competitive benefits. Seeing how the client remarkably coordinates and encounters service related assets Engaging value-network partners and customers in co-creation activities would help to gain competitive advantage. These premises would provide Syscom to first emphasize on its brand image and then the benefit associated with the brand which would help to expand in the new markets. Since customers are the operand resource of Syscom, it is important to satisfy them. Thus, now shifting from the individual brand focus to value focus would help to meet the promises and position brand Syscom in terms of solving or reducing the customer problems (Vargo and Akaka, 2009; Haase, 2011). Since, customers are the main actors in developing the brand value, thus, it is important to develop a strong relation with them that is forming customer-firm, customer-brand and firm-brand relationship that would help Syscom to deliver brand knowledge, brand relation and brand promise respectively. Since S-D logic states that fundamental competitive source is to build relationship with both external and internal customers (Grnroos and Gummerus, 2014). Thus it is the time to enter into stakeholder focus brand era to determine the dynamic and collective process of brand consumption within the community. This is diagrammatically shown below (Merz, He and Vargo, 2009): Milestones Start Date End Date Budget Corporate Identity Revision 15/4/2015 3/6/2015 $9000 Developing Advertisement Quotes 8/6/2015 30/6/2015 $12000 Creating Dynamic Website 6/4/2015 15/7/2015 $15000 Developing Social Media campaigns 20/7/2015 3/8/2015 $4000 Developing Print Media messages 15/5/2015 20/5/2015 $8000 Implementing UK (Initial Targeted) Advertisement 15/8/2015 25/10/2015 $18000 US Advertisement 1/10/2015 20/12/2015 $20000 Asia Advertisement 5/11/2015 25/1/2016 $15000 Corporate Social Responsibility Activities 5/9/2015 10/10/2015 $8000 Press Release 1 15/8/2015 5/9/2015 $5000 Total $114000 Corporate Identity Revision Developing Advertisement Quotes Creating Dynamic Website Developing Social Media campaigns Developing Print Media messages Implementing UK (Initial Targeted) Advertisement US Advertisement Asia Advertisement Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Press Release 1 Apr15 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan16 Figure: Gantt Chart Contingencies and Controls Controls The objective of this marketing plan is to layout the procedures, strategies, and projects that will make the business objectives a reality in the year 2015 and also by upcoming next three years. There are few impediments to face: The development of an extraordinary, inventive, upscale environment that will separate Syscom from other competitors in the market. The foundation of Syscom as center point for network and software designing and development. The making of a situation that won't scare the fledgling client. Syscom will position itself as an educational asset for people wishing to find out about the benefits the Syscom is likely to offer The marketing endeavours will be centered on building the brand image. Focusing on the sales goals and milestones would help to meet the objectives in 2015 and also in the next three years. It will be significant to utilize this marketing plan and the Syscom strategy for success. Syscom can't permit them to sit in a record. They must be utilized as a guide for the future accomplishment of Syscom. Contingencies Provide committed budget for diversified systems, creating strategies, keeping up discrete emergencies customer service unit and rehearsing crises simulation activities are some imperative ways that Syscom would adopt for contingencies planning. Communicational and awareness efforts of the organization which comprises of modernized inventories, expanded cooperation between stakeholders for safety purposes, and mindfulness about the presence of criminal conduct in the association will also be taken care of. Financial Plan 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sales $ 600,000.00 $ 900,000.00 $ 1,440,000.00 $ 18,000,000.00 Direct Cost of Sales $ 411,120.00 $ 563,580.00 $ 773,136.00 $ 8,100,000.00 Gross Profit Margin $ 188,880.00 $ 336,420.00 $ 666,864.00 $ 9,900,000.00 Gross Margin (%) 31.48% 37.38% 46.31% 55.00% Expenditures Payroll $ 115,520.00 $ 219,488.00 $ 438,976.00 $ 1,009,644.80 Sales and Marketing $ 8,000.00 $ 8,000.00 $ 12,000.00 $ 35,000.00 Rent $ 1,500.00 $ 1,500.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,500.00 Utilities $ 800.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,800.00 $ 2,900.00 Insurance $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 Others $ 7,500.00 $ 9,200.00 $ 10,500.00 $ 18,000.00 Total Operating Expenditures $ 134,320.00 $ 240,388.00 $ 466,276.00 $ 1,069,044.80 Profit before Interest and Tax $ 54,560.00 $ 96,032.00 $ 200,588.00 $ 8,830,955.20 Interest Paid $ 3,500.00 $ 3,500.00 $ 4,100.00 $ 5,000.00 Tax Incurred $ 16,368.00 $ 28,809.60 $ 60,176.40 $ 2,649,286.56 Net Profit $ 34,692.00 $ 63,722.40 $ 136,311.60 $ 6,176,668.64 Net Profit (%) 5.78% 7.08% 9.47% 34.31% References Ahen, F. and Zettinig, P. 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Routledge, p.133. Appendix 1 Background of Organization Syscom Tech Pvt Ltd is an IT based organization mainly located at east Ham, London, UK. They mainly offer cloud computing, web development, software development, Microsoft server, virtualization and computer network solution to SMEs of UK. Syscom was launched by Md. Anisul Islam in the year 2013. The key success factor of this organization is to deliver the best quality product to the customers. Syscoms professionalism is based on three main factors Service quality, rigidity and skills.

Norman Rockwell Essays - World War II, Four Freedoms,

Norman Rockwell Norman Percevel Rockwell was born on Feb. 3, 1894 in New York, New York. As a boy he grew fond of the country, where he moved to a few years after he was born, and stayed away from the city as much as he could, which would later be shown in his works (Buechner, Retrospective, 24). When he was 14, he had to commute to New York City twice a week to attend the Chase School of Fine and Applied Art. After awhile he dropped out of his sophomore year of high school, and became a full time student at The National Academy School (Buechner, Artist, 38). He illustrated his first Saturday Evening Post cover on May 20, 1916, which was his first big break. Norman Rockwell says, If one wants to paint covers for the Post, one must begin by accepting certain limitations. The cover must please a vast number (no matter how: by amusing, edifying, praising; but it must please); it must not require an explanation or caption to be understood; it must have an instantaneous impact (people wont bother to puzzle out a covers meaning) (The Norman Rockwell Album, 29). More people have seen Rockwells work, mostly on the covers on the widely circulated Saturday Evening Post, more than all of Michelangelos, Rembrandts, and Picassos put together, estimated by Life magazine (Walton 7). Rockwell creates his pictures in separate stages. First he makes a loose rough draft of his idea. Second, he gathers costumes, props and models. Rockwells models are usually his friends, because he knows them and likes them (Walton 16). Later on in Rockwells lifetime he would stray away from using real models, he would use photographs to do this step instead. He would take either sketches or pictures and then paint them onto canvas. Next he draws individual parts of the picture. Fourth, he would sketch the whole drawing in great detail. Fifth, he would put color into his sketches, and sixth he would put all the parts together into the final painting (Buechner, Artist, 44). Rockwell used foreground invitation in many of his works. Foreground invitation means that the picture suggests that the viewer is entering the picture and into the scene. Valentine, 3 Rockwells subject matter is average America. For his first 30 years, he painted scenes of the country, childhood embarrassments, discomforts and humiliations (Buechner, Retrospective, 44). He also painted for advertisements during his this period. For example Fisk Bicycle Tires and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company. During the twenties, Rockwell became rich and famous. He became the top cover artist for the Saturday Evening Post which his work appeared almost every month. During the twenties, he also took on more advertising jobs, at twice the fee of a Saturday Evening Post cover (Buechner, Retrospective, 46). During his appearances on the Post during the twenties, he introduced many new subjects, and several characters that would reappear which where bums, sheriffs, musicians and doctors (Buechner, Retrospective, 52). 1935 to 1939 were the years when Rockwells finest art was done (Buechner, Retrospective, 61). Rockwell had stopped using real models and started to turn more toward photographs. This helped him to create a more life like subject because the photograph stays still, a model tends to turn around. He produced sixty-seven Saturday Evening Post covers during the thirties, far less than he did in the twenties but more than any other artist. His most important works of this time was an 8 piece color set for Huckleberry Finn in 1935. Rockwell took this job with enthusiasm because he had a chance to participate in the tradition to illustrate different scenes in classical works, not stories he made up on his own (Buechner, Retrospective, 75). Rockwells art was a big part of the war effort in the forties. A series of paintings called the Four Freedoms explained what the war effort was all about. These pictures (Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Fear, Freedom of Worship, and Freedom from Want) were toured in sixteen select cities and were seen by 1,222,000 people and used in selling $132,999,537 worth of war bonds (Buechner, Artist, 161). Rockwell also praised the efforts of women during the war in his paintings. In his Saturday Evening Post cover titled Rosie the Riveter , Rosie (as indicated on her lunch box) sits in a pose of the Valentine, 4 prophet Isaiah (created by Michelangelo in his Sistine chapel painting). This pose portrays the power of women who have filled in

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Aesthetic experience of Shakespeare in Script and Performance - Essay Example They resonate with the current lifestyle being practiced today. Today, they have continued to be read and acted on stages and produced as films. The paper will address the different modes that Shakespeare work has been presented to the audience and its impact on them. The effect of Shakespeare works depends on the person who is watching or reading his works. Different people understand authors work differently. While some may want to know the real words spoken, others want to see the real interaction between the characters. Shakespeare works have been presented through books, films, plays, and audio. Their effect varies. Some experts believe active plays are more effective while others are of the opinion that reading his works helps the reader get into Shakespeare’s mind. They believe the reader can create their visual image similar to what Shakespeare intended. Whatever the reason, Shakespeare’s works are of significant influence in whatever form they are presented. A script refers to the written text that guides a play and the characters that are in it. It is often written in such a way that any person can take the writings and act them out without much directing. It is understandable and adequately described to form a visual of how and what should be done in any particular scene. On the other hand, a play is a written dialog between characters that is intended for performance rather than for reading. It is staged and dramatized and may change form according to what the director sees fit. Therefore, a script is written while a play is a dramatization of the script. The depiction of emotion varies between a script and a play. In â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, the classical tragedy love story, the dramatic scene of Romeo and Juliet’s deaths is the captivating and climax of the play. In a script, the reader reads and understands the emotions that are involved in the scene. However, they do not

Probation Client Needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Probation Client Needs - Assignment Example This program’s aims are to reduce the drug use and drug dependency of female inmates on parole and probation. It is a holistic program that also includes skills training as well as family and other types of counseling as well as recreational and social activities (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (b), 2013). Another similar program is also in use in California for the men and this one also aims at reducing the recidivism rates among the male inhabitants that have been paroled from Californian correctional facilities (Study evaluates substance abuse in probation, parole admissions (a), 2011). This has also had a positive influence in reducing the rates of return to custody of male inmates especially those on probation and released early on parole (Hinkle, 2008). Another program is the Dallas County Judicial Treatment Center implemented in Dallas Texas, a residential substance abuse program specifically aimed at those on probation. It aims to reduce the prison overcrowding in the Texas correctional system. It not only includes modern therapeutic substance abuse treatments utilizing the 12-step method but also includes life-skills training, drug education as well as counseling (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Adults in the Criminal Justice System, 2005). These programs have all in addition to reducing the costs of running prisons and alleviating the overcrowding problem in these facilities, also resulted in better results for the offenders, corrections system and the communities in which they are located. 2. These programs have all got as a major strength the fact they have taken a more holistic view of the problems of offenders with substance abuse histories. They also look at other... This essay discusses the parole and probation clients who go into substance abuse programs have shown improvement in more ways than those who do not go through those programs or those who only undergo custodial sentences. The major improvement has been in the area of personal rehabilitation. Criminal behavior brought on by substance abuse can only be reduced if the root cause of the behavior, the substance abuse, is dealt with as only punishing the offender results in him or her returning to the substance abuse on completion of the sentence. Furthermore, if the other usually connected causes of the behavior and substance abuse, such as lack of a job, lack of job skills, lack of housing and a community where drugs are easily available are not tackled at the same time, the offender actually ends up building tolerance and making the substance abuse problem even more serious. All over the US programs that are addressing these root cause of drug-related criminal behavior are producing bet ter results in the rehabilitation of inmates. In conclusion, a program that looks at the needs of the offenders in a more holistic and realistic way stands a better chance of success. Studies have also shown that offender rehabilitation programs that not only include the right kind of treatment for those with substance abuse issues, coupled with the most appropriate community based programs are the most successful when it comes to enabling the criminal justice system impart both punishment and rehabilitation to those convicted of crimes.

Understanding Slavery Essay Example for Free

Understanding Slavery Essay A poignantly moving tale of a woman’s courage and determination in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl undoubtedly serves as an inspiration for those who endeavor to rise beyond their initial station in life on the way to achieving one’s dreams. Though the author claims it to be a historical account, it could easily pass off for a work of fiction in the tradition of the historical novel – a romanticizing American life and history with its tale of noble suffering, heroic daring and unwavering zeal. Perhaps more significantly, its merit lies in offering the reader the painful truth of the slave experience through the eyes of an African-American slave girl. As Jacobs narrates, she was born a slave but she never knew it until six years of happy childhood had passed away (Jacobs, p. 1). Though they were all slaves in the family, she was so fondly shielded from that fact and they appear to have lived normal lives that she never dreamed she was â€Å"a piece of merchandise trusted to them for safe keeping, and liable to be demanded of them at any moment† (Jacobs, p. 1). That is, until her mother died and her life took a turn for the worse, experiencing first hand what it meant to be a slave in those days. Because of the way she was raised, it would appear that Linda Brent is exceptional for a woman of her social stature. Having received the rudiments of a basic education at the hands of her family’s original owners, she is clear thinking and possesses a keen intellect. Not surprisingly, she was able to transcend the limitations of race, class and gender and grasp the reality that women, regardless of color, race and stature, share the common experience of victimization at the hands of a male-dominated, patriarchal society. Moreover, by virtue of the loving relationships she had established early on with her family and immediate community, she is quite capable of empathy. Her initial understanding of the nature of slavery, though nonetheless negative, did not prevent her from maintaining a positive outlook towards life, notwithstanding her position in the social hierarchy. This however has been severely challenged throughout the years of her ordeal. Due to the many betrayals she had experienced in her lifetime, she learns to distrust people, and even though this is gradually tempered by the formation of positive relationships, she retains her hesitant, guarded approach to life. The book’s main strength lies in its rich narratives, the vivid portrayal of the female slave experience, and its use of the female point of view in the narration of her tale. In terms of limitations, the book would have problems in its illustration of the slave experience as representative of the larger Africa-America black community. Linda Brent and her family could be considered among the lucky few fate seemed to have favored among the millions more of their kind, who, though some might have endeavored to attain their freedom were faced with more dire, less relenting circumstances which made freedom remain a dream for them. A cursory glance at historical accounts of slavery would reveal that many have attempted to escape from their masters, with a considerable number dying in the attempt. In Jacobs’ particular tale, the experience of women in bondage is illuminated. Yet more than a narration of physical infliction of pain, torture and misery – the often-told tale of American slavery – what is striking is how she makes the reader comprehend that the most devastating blow endured and inflicted upon female slaves is that of the continuing existence of a system recognizing, even illicitly sanctioning concubinage and licentiousness among white males, the double standard of the times which make it doubly hard for women, most especially slaves, to live a decent, dignified existence wherein they could realize their true worth as individuals. For the slaves in America’s colonial past, every day was deplorable. Suffering in its various forms – physical, mental, emotional, psychological and spiritual – was common-day fare subject to the wiles and dispositions of their masters. For both men and women, manual labor, e. g. working the fields in the plantations of the South, was a large component of the day. As Jacobs (p. 12) illustrates: â€Å"On a farm, they work until the corn and cotton are laid. They then have two holidays. Some masters give them a good dinner under the trees. This over, they work until Christmas Eve. If no heavy charges are meantime brought against them, they are given four or five holidays, whichever the master or overseer may think proper. † For the women, this was often aggravated by (more often than not) unwarranted sexual advances, if not from their masters, the other male members of the household, or among fellow slaves. New Year’s Day was a terribly appalling affair, for hiring day at the South took place every first of January. To the slave mother, New Years Day comes laden with peculiar sorrows: â€Å"She sits on her cold cabin floor, watching the children who may all be torn from her the next morning; and often does she wish that she and they might die before the day dawns. She may be an ignorant creature, degraded by the system that has brutalized her from childhood; but she has a mothers instincts, and is capable of feeling a mothers agonies† (Jacobs, p. 13). Children born as slaves were sold off at the auction block, for they belonged to their master just as their parents did, for him to do with as he pleases. For is that not the nature of property? Slaves were treated as such, not regarded as human beings, but rather little more than animals to be set to labor upon the fields, to assist in the keeping of the household, to run errands and perform manual labor deemed unworthy of the white master’s unsoiled hands. Those same white hands were quick with the whip for every transgression committed by an erring slave, and a mouth which reserved the foulest of words to further degrade the slave and instill in his/her consciousness his/her lack of worth, how inferior and far beneath their master they were. The ensuing slave consciousness formed from this inhuman treatment, nourished throughout a life of bondage and suffering, is bitter and bleak, their minds ignorant and uncultured, deprived of the conditions which give human existence its dignity, the individual his self-worth (Fowler and Fowler, p. 2). Yet in this condition of bondage, in their shared experience of misery, pain and wretchedness, they became increasingly aware of their sorry plight, and learned to yearn for freedom (Genovese, p. 114). The first stirrings of rebelliousness began to beat in their hearts yearning for a life free from bondage and servitude. In this shared experience, the slave community developed a culture distinctly its own, reverberating with the influence of their African origins infused with their newfound material conditions in American soil. It is the experience of a particular slave girl by the name of Linda Brent which we shall explore in detail. Jacobs’ work, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, utilizes the literary form of the slave narrative, a form of autobiography with a unique structure and distinctive themes tracing the narrator’s path form slavery to freedom. It traces the narrator’s journey from poverty to freedom as her determination to overcome societal and self-imposed limitations leads her on to prevail despite her harrowing circumstances. It is quite a moving and inspiring tale, and the author succeeds in painting a deft picture of the real-life suffering of men and women in bondage who were born, raised and died as slaves at the hands of their masters in the sprawling plantations of the South. Though the slave narrative is recognized as a powerful literary form with obvious merits as a tool for anti-slavery and human rights causes as it compellingly illustrates how individuals could rise above the depths of their despair and overcome seemingly impossible odds, it too has its flaws as a resource for fully understanding the complex institution of slavery. At one point, it perpetuates the myth that individuals can overcome established social structures and societal features disadvantageous to marginalized groups, e. g. racism against colored peoples, through sheer determination, will power, a never-say-die attitude, and a perpetually rosy outlook in life that things could only get better. In actual truth, for most slaves the matter of winning one’s freedom is a whole lot more complicated than what most narratives seem to suggest in their â€Å"success stories. † The abolition of slavery was not simply a case of dissolving a centuries-old institution due to the influence of writers who decided to go public with their personal accounts of the evils of slavery. In a way, the slave narrative is deceptive in its promise of deliverance (giving a sense of false hope) to blacks while reinforcing the notions of a superiority complex of whites over other colored peoples as they could always say that those who fail to break down society’s barriers, e. g. racial boundaries and the gap between rich and poor, to achieve success have only themselves to blame for their failures. It thus becomes a case of â€Å"If others can’t do it, why can’t I? † Yet the situation is inherently more complex than this. In analyzing slavery one has to consider the larger macro factors – economics, political institutions, cultural norms, ideology, etc. – as shaping the micro ones. That is, in the case of the slave narrative one needs to situate the personal accounts in the larger social context of the period, the interplay between the personal and the historical, personal troubles and public issues, the intertwining of biography and history. Moreover, one could also apply a feminist reading in Jacobs’ text for as Linda laments the birth of her daughter Ellen, she remarks how â€Å"†¦slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women† (Jacobs, p. ). Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl illustrates how slavery proved to be a more wretched state for women who had to endure the same dehumanizing cruelty and brutality inflicted on men, as well as the torment of sexual abuse at the hands of their male masters and the anguish of being taken away from their children. Their pain and degradation were further compounded as they suffered being used as vessels of lust for their masters, breeding bastards to add to their master’s stock but denied a mother’s right to care for her children. The children born from such unions, Linda chillingly points out, was more often than not sold to protect the honor of the slave owner’s wife faced with the undeniable living testimony to her husband’s lust. Addressing the issue of human bondage from a woman’s perspective, Jacobs attempts to get through to her readers, particularly the women of the Northern states, to make them aware of their responsibility to make their voices heard in protesting against slavery for their silence would be in support of the perpetuation of slavery as an institution. Her tale emphasizes the struggle of a particular woman (herself) to protect her family, in the process learning to fight for her freedom to be an independent individual in control of her own life, and enticing her own family and community to join in the struggle for the emancipation and liberation of slaves. All said, in its own way Jacobs’ work has significantly contributed to the success of the movement to abolish slavery in the United States of America, and for that her efforts have been well-rewarded with the renewed scholarly interest in her work. Works Cited Andrews, William L. Classic African American Women’s Narratives. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2003. Bell, Ella Louise. Myths, Stereotypes and Realities of Black Women. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 40, No. 2, 146-159, 2004. Fowler, Lois J. and David H. Fowler, eds. Revelations of Self: American Women in Autobiography. New York: SUNY Press. Gates, Henry Louis Jr. The Classic Slave Narratives. Signet Classic, 2003. Genovese, Eugee. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Pantheon Press, 1974. Gronniosaw, James Albert, Olaudah Equiano, Nat Turner, Frederick Douglass, William W. Brown, Henry Bibb, Sojourner Truth, William and Ellen Craft, Harriet A. Jacobs and Jacob Green. Slave Narratives. Library of America, 2002. Jacobs, Harriet Ann. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 1988. Mccaskill, Barbara. â€Å"Yours very truly: Ellen Craft – the fugitive as Text and Artifact. † African American Review, Vol. 28, 1994. Randle, Gloria T. â€Å"Between the Rock and the Hard Place: Mediating spaces in Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. † African America Review, Vol. 33, 1999. Yetman, Norman R. ed. Voices from Slavery: 100 Authentic Slave Narratives. Courier Dover Publications

International Warfare Essay -- American History Essays

International Warfare International warfare has always been a topic of debate and that debate increased greatly throughout the 1990s. The conduct of individual states, previously regarded as an exclusively domestic matter, is now of international concern. That international concern has spread to encompass several areas within the domain of international warfare, from the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to the Genocide Convention to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. It is this last treaty that has been the subject of much international attention in the last few years. That attention was generated through a multitude of causes including: the joint awarding of the 1997 Nobel Peace Price to Jody Williams and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines; the involvement of the late Princess Diana with the cause; the awareness efforts of organizations such as Amnesty International to publicize the effects of mines; and , last but not least, the drafting and signing into effect of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. The resulting media coverage and public awareness has resulted in increased initiatives to ban land mines and public outcry over the effect of landmines on affected areas. It is those effects and initiatives that provide the motivation for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Landmines and on their Destruction and some of the controversy surrounding it. According to the Mine Action Information Center at James Madison University, eighty nations and territories thro... ... mines are impressive and the educational initiatives helpful, but the realities remain. The United States needed to provide an example back in 1997 of how a country maintains a humanitarian focus while refining the rules of war. Instead, the United States hid behind President Clinton’s pleas on the behalf of American troops and the limited aid efforts it provided. 2002 places the United States at a precipice and the time to choose is now. Currently engaged in a war without an end in sight, the United States is focused on the now and the methods of warfare. Reform efforts are far from the top of the list, but they should be right up there. There is no better time to send the message that although America is pursuing victory at what seems all costs, the U.S. still realizes that â€Å"at all costs† is not just for now but that the effects reach far into the future.

“Immigrant” becomes dirtiest word as Americans are told to speak English

A recent article from the Independent Newspaper's correspondent in New York brings to our attention â€Å"the current mood of xenophobia† in the USA. After approximately two centuries of welcoming immigrants from around the world, it would seem that the Americans have begun to mistrust and to some extent, even fear the very people that have historically given them such a dynamic and diverse country, namely, foreign immigrants. There are several reasons for this recent shift in perspective, two of which are, recent terrorist attacks on American servicemen in Saudi Arabia and an explosion on an American airline flight, that foreign terrorists caused some people suspect. Historian, Arthur Schlesinger has spoken on â€Å"the tribalization of American life† and appears to be suggesting that the different ethnic groups in America are arranging themselves into their own groups and not crossing ethnic boundaries. One symptom of this seems to be the gang culture that exists, where each gang is alleged to be made up from members of the same ethnic group. A key factor in this is language, generally people who only speak one language find it difficult to mix with other ethnic groups or cultures, or indeed find it difficult to understand other cultures viewpoint. As a result of all of these difficulties, the government has introduced a bill called â€Å"The English Language Empowerment Act† the main purpose of which is to make English the official language of America. It is perceived by Republicans, that this Act will encourage immigrants to learn English, as it will be difficult, if not impossible for them to understand federal documents that are written in English. The Act has already been criticised for infringing on American's right to free speech and making it difficult for non-English speaking Americans to receive or even understand information or ideas. It is a safe assumption to make, that if people can't speak English, then they will be unable to understand written English. This argument would seem to carry a significant amount of weight. People have put forward the argument that this Act is connected with attitudes towards Immigrants. This argument seems to be borne out by the fact that there is nothing in the Act that will help to actually teach people how to speak or read English, rather it seems to punish those who can't by denying them access to written information. It has also been pointed out by opponents to the Act, that ninety seven percent of Americans speak English already and a very small proportion of government documents (around one percent,) are actually written in a foreign language. Some people looking at these statistics, would argue that there is no need for this Act, unless it were to force people into becoming â€Å"more American† and punishing those who preferred to stick to their own language and culture. This argument seems to be borne out further by another piece of Republican proposed legislation, the welfare reform Bill. One provision of this Bill would be that, immigrants who are in America quite legally, but are not yet citizens, would not be eligible for state welfare benefits, yet another form of â€Å"immigrant bashing† some might say. Hot button as mentioned in the article; a controversial thing of the moment, it is a happening now situation. Enduring canard, a lasting ongoing issue, to accept with a certain amount of tolerance regarding political correctness, in this case a probability that it has come about in the course of sensationalism and cock-and-bull story of this report in America's newspapers. Polyglot America Speaking, reading and writing many different languages, in this case America.